Raynaud phenomenon manifests as recurrent vasospasm of the fingers and toes and usually occurs in response to stress or cold exposure. The phenomenon is named for Maurice Raynaud, who, as a medical student, defined the first case in 1862 as “episodic, symmetric, acral vasospasm characterized by pallor, cyanosis, suffusion, and a sense of fullness or tautness, which may be painful.
Le linee guida di diagnostica e prevenzione in medicina e patologia orale qui presentate si inseriscono in un percorso diagnostico terapeutico più ampio e complesso . Il cavo orale può essere interessato da molte patologie che possono essere manifestazioni locali di affezioni sistemiche.
Porphyrias are metabolic disorders of heme synthesis. Partial enzymic deficiencies result in excessive accumulation and excretion of 5-aminolevulinic acid, porphobilinogen, and/or porphyrins. Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is the most common of the porphyrias in North America and Europe. First described by Waldenström in 1937, this blistering disorder is caused by a deficiency of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, an enzyme in heme biosynthesis.1 Porphyrins accumulate in the liver, are transported in plasma, and are excessively excreted in the urine.
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is an uncommon form of progressive multifocal leukoplakia with a high rate of malignant transformation to either squamous cell cancer or verrucous carcinoma and a high probability of recurrence.
Poxviruses (members of the Poxviridae family) can infect both humans and animals. The orthopoxviruses include smallpox (variola), monkeypox, vaccinia, cowpox, buffalopox, cantagalo, and aracatuba viruses. The parapoxviruses include orf virus, bovine papular stomatitis virus, pseudocowpox virus, deerpox virus, and sealpox virus.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), also known as photoradiation therapy, phototherapy, or photochemo – therapy, involves the use of a photoactive dye (photosensitizer) that is activated by exposure to light of a specific wavelength in the presence of oxygen.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non invesive method for topical and selective treatmant of pre-malignant lesions of oral cavity.
Perioral dermatitis (POD) is a chronic papulopustular and eczematous facial dermatitis. It mostly occurs in women, although a distinct papular variant occurs in children. The clinical and histologic features of the lesions resemble those of rosacea. Patients require systemic and/or topical treatment, an evaluation of the underlying factors, and reassurance.
Anhalt et al1 first described paraneoplastic pemphigus in 1990. The authors reported 5 patients with underlying neoplasms who developed oral erosions and bullous skin eruptions. Skin biopsy samples showed both suprabasal acantholysis and interface dermatitis. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) testing and indirect immunofluorescence (IDIF) testing revealed intraepidermal intercellular staining with immunoglobulin G (IgG); DIF testing also revealed deposition of complement at the dermoepidermal junction. By immunoprecipitation, target antigens were identified from skin extracts with molecular weights of 250, 230, 210, and 190 kd. Since then, many patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus have been reported, and patients previously believed to have other diseases have been retrospectively diagnosed.
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) pemphigus is a group of newly characterized immune-mediated intraepidermal blistering skin diseases. Unlike typical immunoglobulin G (IgG)–mediated pemphigus, IgA pemphigus is characterized by tissuebound and circulating IgA autoantibodies that target the desmosomal proteins of the epidermis.