Familial benign pemphigus originally was described by the Hailey brothers in 1939.1 It is a chronic autosomal dominant disorder with incomplete penetrance. Approximately two thirds of patients have a family history of the disorder. A history of multiple relapses and remissions is characteristic. Decreased numbers of desmosomes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of benign familial pemphigus. Therapeutic options are limited.
Patient aesthetic expectations and smile enchancement can be archieved through the use of facial analysis.
A wide range of disorders can lead to mucosal changes in the oral cavity. Typically, lesions arise from processes that are infectious or inflammatory and that respond to medical therapy. Not infrequently, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases may affect the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity or its contents.
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute, self-limited, and sometimes recurring skin condition that is considered to be a type IV hypersensitivity reaction associated with certain infections, medications, and other various triggers.
Epulis fissuratum is a mucosal hyperplasia that results from chronic low-grade trauma induced by a denture flange. Epulis fissuratum is analogous to acanthoma fissuratum of skin.
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a chronic autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease of the skin and mucus membranes. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is characterized clinically by blisters, scars, and milia primarily at the trauma-prone areas.
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of inherited bullous disorders characterized by blister formation in response to mechanical trauma. Historically, EB subtypes have been classified according to skin morphology. Recent discoveries of the molecular basis of EB have resulted in the development of new diagnostic tools, including prenatal and preimplantation testing.
Traumatic oral ulcers tend to have a sudden onset and usually heal within a few days or weeks, often without clinical intervention. Occasionally, ulcers may persist for an extended time. Eosinophilic ulcers (EUs) are included in this group of nonhealing traumatic ulcers.
Eosinophilic fasciitis is an idiopathic, fibrotic disorder with the histopathologic hallmark of fascial fibrosis. The presentation of eosinophilic fasciitis is acute with painful, swollen extremities progressing to disabling cutaneous fibrosis. Joint contractures, arthritis, neuropathy, and myositis may be associated with eosinophilic fasciitis. Many authors consider eosinophilic fasciitis to be a variant of morphea; others consider it a distinct entity.
Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) was first recognized in 1989 in New Mexico in 3 patients who had an illness with a unique array of symptoms, including peripheral blood eosinophilia and severe myalgias. All 3 patients had ingested sleeping aids containing L-tryptophan.